SLEEP WAKE DISORDER

Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder (N24SWD) disrupts the body's internal clock, causing sleep and wake times to shift progressively later or earlier than the typical 24-hour cycle. Individuals with N24SWD often experience fluctuations in mood, appetite, and alertness due to their desynchronized circadian rhythm. Despite efforts to maintain a regular sleep-wake cycle, common solutions like caffeine are often ineffective. The disorder can significantly impact daily life, making it challenging to fulfill work, school, or social obligations. In severe cases, individuals may develop depression as a result of the stress and disruptions caused by the disorder. N24SWD is most prevalent in individuals with total blindness, affecting approximately 50% of this population due to the absence of light input to regulate the internal clock. However, it can also occur in sighted individuals, albeit less commonly, and is often misdiagnosed as other sleep disorders. Treatment options include melatonin supplements, tasimelteon, and bright light therapy to help regulate the sleep-wake cycle and alleviate associated symptoms.

 

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