NARCOLEPSY

Narcolepsy, often misunderstood, brings persistent drowsiness, impairing life and raising accident risks. It disrupts sleep-wake cycles, leading to excessive sleepiness and challenges staying awake. Narcolepsy manifests as Narcolepsy Type 1 (NT1), linked with cataplexy and low hypocretin-1, and Narcolepsy Type 2 (NT2), lacking cataplexy or low hypocretin-1. Despite rarity, NT1 affects 20-67 individuals per 100,000, with underdiagnosis issues. Symptoms include daytime sleepiness, automatic behaviors, disturbed sleep, paralysis, hallucinations, and cataplexy (NT1 only). These symptoms vary in severity and timing. In children, symptoms differ, with daytime sleepiness showing as restlessness or irritability, possibly mistaken for behavior problems. Children may sleep longer at night and have more sleep-related movements. Cataplexy in children is subtler, often affecting the face. Early recognition and tailored management are vital, particularly in children, to address academic, social, and psychological impacts and mitigate accident risks. Treatment, including behavioral and medicinal interventions, must adapt to children's needs, ensuring safety and long-term effectiveness.

 

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